Czarny Proch - Kalkulacje
Wstęp
Nieco praktycznych danych i wiadomości o balistyce cz. p.
100 gn | 6,5 g |
60 gn | ~ 4 g |
1 g | 15 gn |
1" | 25,4 mm |
1 cm | 0.394" |
1 dram (avdp) | 1,7718 g |
Naważka prochu FF
Stara "myśliwska" regułka. Można użyć jako orientacyjny punkt wyjścia. Optymalna naważka dla danego kalibru i długości lufy - 11.5 grana prochu frakcji FF na jeden cal sześcienny lufy. Więcej prochu nie zdąży się spalić nim pocisk opuści lufę, mniej zaś nie rozpędzi pocisku do największej możliwej do uzyskania prędkości dla danej długości lufy.
63.19Kalkulacje
Kule ołowiane, ich właściwości
Lp. | Średn. [cale] |
Średn. metr. |
Masa [gr] |
Masa [g] |
Wagomiar | Wsp. balistyczny | Uwagi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | .321 | 8,2 | 50 | 3,2 | 141 | 0.0453 | Rewolwer cal .32 |
2 | .375 | 9,5 | 79 | 5,1 | 88 | 0.053 | Rewolwer cal .36 |
3 | .380 | 9,7 | 82 | 5,3 | 85 | 0.0537 | Rewolwer cal .36 |
4 | .440 | 11,2 | 128 | 8,3 | 55 | 0.0621 | Cal .45 |
5 | .445 | 11,3 | 132 | 8,6 | 53 | 0.0628 | Cal .45 |
6 | .451 | 11,5 | 138 | 8,9 | 51 | 0.0637 | Rewolwer cal .44 |
7 | .454 | 11,5 | 141 | 9,1 | 50 | 0.0641 | Rewolwer cal .44 |
8 | .490 | 12,4 | 177 | 11,5 | 40 | 0.0692 | Cal .50 |
9 | .495 | 12,6 | 182 | 11,8 | 38 | 0.0699 | Cal .50 |
10 | .530 | 13,5 | 224 | 14,5 | 31 | 0.0748 | Cal .54 |
11 | .535 | 13,6 | 230 | 14,9 | 30 | 0.0756 | Cal .54 |
12 | .570 | 14,5 | 278 | 18,0 | 25 | 0.0805 | Cal .58 |
13 | .610 | 15,5 | 341 | 22,1 | 21 | 0.0861 | Cal .625, Baker |
14 | .680 | 17,3 | 472 | 30,6 | 15 | 0.096 | Cal .69 |
15 | .730 | 18,5 | 585 | 37,9 | 12 | 0.1031 | Cal .75 |
16 | 1 | 25,4 | 1503 | 97,4 | 5 | 0.1412 |
Kalibry calowe przetłumaczone na "nasze"
Lp. | Średn. [cale] |
Średn. metr. |
Uwagi | Wagomiar |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | .321 | 8,15 | Rewolwer cal .32 | 141 |
2 | .375 | 9,53 | Rewolwer cal .36 | 88 |
3 | .380 | 9,65 | Rewolwer cal .36 | 85 |
4 | .40 | 10,16 | 73 | |
5 | .408 | 10,36 | Cal .40 | 69 |
6 | .409 | 10,39 | Cal .40 | 68 |
7 | .410 | 10,41 | Cal .40 | 68 |
8 | .440 | 11,18 | Cal .44 | 55 |
9 | .445 | 11,30 | Cal .44 | 53 |
10 | .446 | 11,33 | 44-77 Sharps, Remington | 53 |
11 | .45 | 11,43 | PH Whitworth, Enfield Volunteer | 51 |
12 | .451 | 11,46 | Rewolwer cal .44 | 51 |
13 | .454 | 11,53 | Rewolwer cal .44 | 50 |
14 | .456 | 11,58 | 49 | |
15 | .457 | 11,61 | 49 | |
16 | .458 | 11,63 | 48 | |
17 | .459 | 11,66 | 48 | |
18 | .490 | 12,45 | Cal .50 | 40 |
19 | .495 | 12,57 | Cal .50 | 38 |
20 | .512 | 13,00 | 35 | |
21 | .515 | 13,08 | 56-50 Spencer Centerfire | 34 |
22 | .516 | 13,11 | 34 | |
23 | .530 | 13,46 | Cal .54 | 31 |
24 | .535 | 13,59 | Cal .54 | 30 |
25 | .570 | 14,48 | Cal .58 | 25 |
26 | .575 | 14,61 | 25 | |
27 | .577 | 14,66 | 24 | |
28 | .58 | 14,73 | Nominalny .58 | 24 |
29 | .610 | 15,49 | Cal .625, Baker | 21 |
30 | .680 | 17,27 | Cal .69 | 15 |
31 | .688 | 17,48 | 14 | |
32 | .690 | 17,53 | 14 | |
33 | .730 | 18,54 | Cal .75 | 12 |
34 | 1 | 25,40 | 5 |
Wagomiarowa geneza najpopulrniejszych kalibrów - (ang. bore - bore size)
Lp. | Bore (wagomiar) |
Caliber [in] |
Średn. [mm] |
Uwagi |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.083333 | 3.823 | 97.11 | 12-funtówka |
2 | 0.166666 | 3.034 | 77.08 | 6-funtówka |
3 | 0.25 | 2.651 | 67.33 | czterofuntówka (franc. gównie) |
4 | 0.333333 | 2.408 | 61.17 | trójfuntówka |
5 | 0.5 | 2.104 | 53.44 | dwufuntóka |
6 | 1 | 1.67 | 42.42 | jednofuntówka |
7 | 5 | 0.977 | 24.81 | |
8 | 8 | 0.835 | 21.21 | |
9 | 10 | 0.775 | 19.69 | |
10 | 11 | 0.751 | 19.07 | Brown Bess |
11 | 12 | 0.729 | 18.53 | Najpopularniejszy kaliber broni śrutowej |
12 | 14 | 0.693 | 17.6 | Strzelby śrutowe; ~ Le Fusil Modele 1777 (7 lignes 10 points) |
13 | 15 | 0.677 | 17.2 | |
14 | 16 | 0.663 | 16.83 | |
15 | 18 | 0.637 | 16.18 | Sztucer kozienicki miał 16,4 mm |
16 | 19 | 0.626 | 15.9 | |
17 | 20 | 0.615 | 15.63 | |
18 | 24 | 0.579 | 14.7 | Cal .58 Enfield gauge |
19 | 25 | 0.571 | 14.51 | Cal. .577 Enfield gauge mark |
20 | 28 | 0.55 | 13.97 | |
21 | 30 | 0.537 | 13.65 | Cal .54 |
22 | 32 | 0.526 | 13.36 | |
23 | 36 | 0.506 | 12.85 | |
24 | 40 | 0.488 | 12.4 | |
25 | 50 | 0.453 | 11.51 | Stąd pochodzi ".45 - czterdziestkapiątka" |
26 | 52 | 0.447 | 11.36 | British .451 proof gauge |
27 | 60 | 0.427 | 10.83 | |
28 | 70 | 0.405 | 10.29 | |
29 | 80 | 0.388 | 9.84 | |
30 | 90 | 0.373 | 9.46 | |
31 | 100 | 0.36 | 9.14 | Czy już jasne skąd kaliber .36? :-) |
32 | 120 | 0.339 | 8.6 | Cal .34 |
33 | 128 | 0.331 | 8.42 | |
34 | 144 | 0.319 | 8.09 | |
35 | 150 | 0.314 | 7.98 | Cal .31 |
36 | 160 | 0.308 | 7.81 | |
37 | 200 | 0.286 | 7.25 | Cal .28 |
Jeśli masa ołowianej kuli o średnicy 0.49 cala wynosi 176.8 granów to jej współczynnik balistyczny wynosi 0.069 a wagomiar to 39.6.
Średnica kuli o wagomiarze 20 wynosi: 0.69 calaGreenhill formula
Śrut. Formułka Journee
Zasięg maksymalny śrutu wyrażony w jardach wynosi w przybliżeniu 2200 razy średnicę śrutu wyrażoną w calach.
Popularne rozmiary śrutu:
- 71 .095" (2.41 mm) - 209 yd
- B .170" (4.32 mm) - 374 yd
- BB .177" (4.57 mm) - 390 yd
- BBB .190" (4.83 mm) - 418 yd
Skróty balistyczne
Niestety, system calowy wciąż musi być używany jako, że większość danych i materiałów pochodzi ze wstecznego pod względem miar kraju ;-).
Masa (m) kuli ołowianej o średnicy D:
m [gran] = 1502.6 x D3
Współczynnik balistyczny kuli o masie (m) wyrażonej w granach
BC = m / (10640 x D2)
Przeliczniki
1 gran (ang. grain) = 0.0648g
Grany (grains) | Gramy (SI) |
---|---|
5 | 0.32 |
6 | 0.39 |
7 | 0.45 |
8 | 0.52 |
9 | 0.58 |
10 | 0.65 |
11 | 0.71 |
12 | 0.78 |
13 | 0.84 |
14 | 0.91 |
15 | 0.97 |
16 | 1.04 |
17 | 1.10 |
18 | 1.17 |
19 | 1.23 |
20 | 1.30 |
21 | 1.36 |
22 | 1.43 |
23 | 1.49 |
24 | 1.56 |
25 | 1.62 |
26 | 1.68 |
27 | 1.75 |
28 | 1.81 |
29 | 1.88 |
30 | 1.94 |
31 | 2.01 |
32 | 2.07 |
33 | 2.14 |
34 | 2.20 |
35 | 2.27 |
36 | 2.33 |
37 | 2.40 |
38 | 2.46 |
39 | 2.53 |
40 | 2.59 |
41 | 2.66 |
42 | 2.72 |
43 | 2.79 |
44 | 2.85 |
45 | 2.92 |
46 | 2.98 |
47 | 3.05 |
48 | 3.11 |
49 | 3.18 |
50 | 3.24 |
51 | 3.30 |
52 | 3.37 |
53 | 3.43 |
54 | 3.50 |
55 | 3.56 |
56 | 3.63 |
57 | 3.69 |
58 | 3.76 |
59 | 3.82 |
60 | 3.89 |
61 | 3.95 |
62 | 4.02 |
63 | 4.08 |
64 | 4.15 |
65 | 4.21 |
66 | 4.28 |
67 | 4.34 |
68 | 4.41 |
69 | 4.47 |
70 | 4.54 |
71 | 4.60 |
72 | 4.67 |
73 | 4.73 |
74 | 4.80 |
75 | 4.86 |
76 | 4.92 |
77 | 4.99 |
78 | 5.05 |
79 | 5.12 |
80 | 5.18 |
81 | 5.25 |
82 | 5.31 |
83 | 5.38 |
84 | 5.44 |
85 | 5.51 |
86 | 5.57 |
87 | 5.64 |
88 | 5.70 |
89 | 5.77 |
90 | 5.83 |
91 | 5.90 |
92 | 5.96 |
93 | 6.03 |
94 | 6.09 |
95 | 6.16 |
96 | 6.22 |
97 | 6.29 |
98 | 6.35 |
99 | 6.42 |
100 | 6.48 |
120 | 7,78 |
300 | 19,44 |
400 | 25,92 |
450 | 29,16 |
493 | 32,00 |
500 | 32,40 |
600 | 38,88 |
Gramy (SI) | Grany (grains) |
---|---|
1 | 15.43 |
2 | 30.86 |
3 | 46.30 |
4 | 61.73 |
5 | 77.16 |
6 | 92.59 |
7 | 108.02 |
8 | 123.46 |
9 | 138.89 |
10 | 154.32 |
11 | 169.75 |
12 | 185.18 |
13 | 200.62 |
14 | 216.05 |
15 | 231.48 |
16 | 246.91 |
17 | 262.34 |
18 | 277.78 |
19 | 293.21 |
20 | 308.64 |
21 | 324.07 |
22 | 339.50 |
23 | 354.94 |
24 | 370.37 |
25 | 385.80 |
26 | 401.23 |
27 | 416.66 |
28 | 432.10 |
29 | 447.53 |
30 | 462.96 |
31 | 478.39 |
32 | 493.82 |
33 | 509.26 |
34 | 524.69 |
35 | 540.12 |
36 | 555.55 |
37 | 570.98 |
38 | 586.42 |
39 | 601.85 |
40 | 617.28 |
41 | 632.71 |
42 | 648.14 |
43 | 663.58 |
44 | 679.01 |
45 | 694.44 |
46 | 709.87 |
47 | 725.30 |
48 | 740.74 |
49 | 756.17 |
50 | 771.60 |
51 | 787.03 |
52 | 802.46 |
53 | 817.90 |
54 | 833.33 |
55 | 848.76 |
56 | 864.19 |
57 | 879.62 |
58 | 895.06 |
59 | 910.49 |
60 | 925.92 |
61 | 941.35 |
62 | 956.78 |
63 | 972.22 |
64 | 987.65 |
65 | 1003.08 |
66 | 1018.51 |
67 | 1033.94 |
68 | 1049.38 |
69 | 1064.81 |
70 | 1080.24 |
71 | 1095.67 |
72 | 1111.10 |
73 | 1126.54 |
74 | 1141.97 |
75 | 1157.40 |
76 | 1172.83 |
77 | 1188.26 |
78 | 1203.70 |
79 | 1219.13 |
80 | 1234.56 |
81 | 1249.99 |
82 | 1265.42 |
83 | 1280.86 |
84 | 1296.29 |
85 | 1311.72 |
86 | 1327.15 |
87 | 1342.58 |
88 | 1358.02 |
89 | 1373.45 |
90 | 1388.88 |
91 | 1404.31 |
92 | 1419.74 |
93 | 1435.18 |
94 | 1450.61 |
95 | 1466.04 |
96 | 1481.47 |
97 | 1496.90 |
98 | 1512.34 |
99 | 1527.77 |
100 | 1543.20 |
Gwint | Śr cal | Śr metr | otwór gw. | skok | uwagi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
8-32 UNC | 0,164 | 4,166 | 3,50 | 0,794 | wyciory |
10-32 UNF | 0,190 | 4,826 | 4,10 | 0,794 | wyciory |
M6x0,75 | - | 6 | kominki rewolw. | ||
M6x1 | - | 6 | kominki CVA after mid 70s | ||
1/4-28 | - | 6,35 | kominki włoskie, T/C, Wesson (Orion), Pedersoli | ||
5/16-24 | - | 7,938 | kominki z 1/4", Zouave | ||
5/16-18 | - | 7,938 | kominki Enfield P-H | ||
5/8-18 | - | 15,875 | korki | ||
1/4-20 UNC | - | "statywowy" | |||
5/16-27 | - | Shotgun rod tip | |||
7/8 x 14 | - | Reloading press |
Ułamki cala na metryczne
1/8 cala | mm |
---|---|
1 | 3.18 |
2 | 6.35 |
3 | 9.53 |
4 | 12.70 |
5 | 15.88 |
6 | 19.05 |
7 | 22.23 |
8 | 25.40 |
1/16 cala | mm |
---|---|
1 | 1.59 |
2 | 3.18 |
3 | 4.76 |
4 | 6.35 |
5 | 7.94 |
6 | 9.53 |
7 | 11.11 |
8 | 12.70 |
9 | 14.29 |
10 | 15.88 |
11 | 17.46 |
12 | 19.05 |
13 | 20.64 |
14 | 22.23 |
15 | 23.81 |
16 | 25.40 |
1/32 cala | mm |
---|---|
1 | 0.79 |
2 | 1.59 |
3 | 2.38 |
4 | 3.18 |
5 | 3.97 |
6 | 4.76 |
7 | 5.56 |
8 | 6.35 |
9 | 7.14 |
10 | 7.94 |
11 | 8.73 |
12 | 9.53 |
13 | 10.32 |
14 | 11.11 |
15 | 11.91 |
16 | 12.70 |
17 | 13.49 |
18 | 14.29 |
19 | 15.08 |
20 | 15.88 |
21 | 16.67 |
22 | 17.46 |
23 | 18.26 |
24 | 19.05 |
25 | 19.84 |
26 | 20.64 |
27 | 21.43 |
28 | 22.23 |
29 | 23.02 |
30 | 23.81 |
31 | 24.61 |
32 | 25.40 |
1/64 cala | mm |
---|---|
1 | 0.40 |
2 | 0.79 |
3 | 1.19 |
4 | 1.59 |
5 | 1.98 |
6 | 2.38 |
7 | 2.78 |
8 | 3.18 |
9 | 3.57 |
10 | 3.97 |
11 | 4.37 |
12 | 4.76 |
13 | 5.16 |
14 | 5.56 |
15 | 5.95 |
16 | 6.35 |
17 | 6.75 |
18 | 7.14 |
19 | 7.54 |
20 | 7.94 |
21 | 8.33 |
22 | 8.73 |
23 | 9.13 |
24 | 9.53 |
25 | 9.92 |
26 | 10.32 |
27 | 10.72 |
28 | 11.11 |
29 | 11.51 |
30 | 11.91 |
31 | 12.30 |
32 | 12.70 |
33 | 13.10 |
34 | 13.49 |
35 | 13.89 |
36 | 14.29 |
37 | 14.68 |
38 | 15.08 |
39 | 15.48 |
40 | 15.88 |
41 | 16.27 |
42 | 16.67 |
43 | 17.07 |
44 | 17.46 |
45 | 17.86 |
46 | 18.26 |
47 | 18.65 |
48 | 19.05 |
49 | 19.45 |
50 | 19.84 |
51 | 20.24 |
52 | 20.64 |
53 | 21.03 |
54 | 21.43 |
55 | 21.83 |
56 | 22.23 |
57 | 22.62 |
58 | 23.02 |
59 | 23.42 |
60 | 23.81 |
61 | 24.21 |
62 | 24.61 |
63 | 25.00 |
64 | 25.40 |
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